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The Sims 3 Cigarette Smoking Mod
The Sims 3 Cigarette Smoking Mod >> https://bytlly.com/2tammt
The present study suggests that smoking is associated with an increased risk of RA, mainly in women, and that the risk of RA is increased in a dose-dependent manner for current and former smokers. The relative risk of RA appears to be decreasing in the years since cessation. Smoking cessation may reduce the risk of RA.
The relationship between smoking and RA was examined in a nested case-control analysis in a prospective cohort of women (n = 43,440). There was a significant association between smoking and the risk of RA. This association was limited to current smokers and to women with RA. The RR of developing RA in current smokers compared to never smokers was 2.00 (95% CI: 1.56, 2.57) and in women with RA compared to women without RA 2.22 (95% CI: 1.06, 4.66). The study also examined the association between smoking duration and RA. It was observed that the risk of RA increased in a dose-dependent manner as the number of years smoked increased among both current and former smokers: RRs for current smokers were 2.04 (95% CI: 1.44, 2.91) for 1 to 14 years, 2.79 (95% CI: 1.59, 5.26) for 15 to 25 years, and 6.53 (95% CI: 2.66, 16.48) for >25 years compared to never smokers. Among women with RA the corresponding numbers were 2.25 (95% CI: 1.31, 3.89) for 1 to 14 years, 4.03 (95% CI: 1.62, 10.01) for 15 to 25 years, and 5.67 (95% CI: 1.95, 16.62) for >25 years compared to women without RA. For both current and former smokers the risk of RA appeared to decrease over time since cessation (RRs were 0.58 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.83) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.39, 1.70) for current and former smokers, respectively, for smoking cessation 15 to 25 years before the diagnosis of RA).
To further analyze the joint effect of duration and intensity of smoking, we classified patients into five different groups (Table 4): nonsmokers, light (1 to 10 cigarettes/day), moderate (11 to 20 cigarettes/day) and heavy (> 20 cigarettes/day) smokers and smokers who stopped smoking more than 15 years before start of the follow-up. Compared to nonsmokers, the RRs of RA for light smokers (RR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.16, 1.86), moderate (RR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.29, 2.35) and heavy (RR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.81, 3.22) were statistically significant. RRs of RA for smokers who stopped more than 15 years before follow-up was similar to that of heavy smokers (RR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.18, 2.05). However, compared to heavy smokers, smokers who stopped smoking less than 15 years before the start of the follow-up had a substantially lower risk of RA. 827ec27edc