Acupuncture Points In Tamil Pdf 189 ((EXCLUSIVE))
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In the nineteen sixties, the Japanese physician and scientist Toshikatsu Yamamoto discovered an independent acupuncture system. Dr. Yamamoto presented this method, which originally consisted of five points, for the first time at a Japanese Ryodoraku Congress in Japan in 1973. For twelve years, using these highly effective points, which he termed basic points, he successfully treated stroke patients suffering from pain and paralysis. Taking second place only to ear acupuncture, YNSA (Yamamoto et al., 2010) is today the most widely and frequently used form of acupuncture and is gaining increasing significance.
Since 1973, in addition to the basic points, several other points have been discovered namely sensory point, brain points, Y points, extra points, treatment points on the thorax and in the region of the pubic bone, dorsal treatment points and additional peripheral points as well as various diagnostic points. Hardly any other acupuncture system can be described as so fertile since Dr. Yamamoto is untiring in his search for new methods of treatment, points and somatopes in his daily work. In Japan, acupuncture was largely practised by masseurs, which meant that it was not highly regarded in classical medicine nor, in particular, at university medical schools. Interest in and receptiveness to acupuncture is gradually increasing, also at some Japanese universities. YNSA has been the subject of numerous studies and publications. YNSA is also used very successfully in veterinary medicine, for example to treat cats and dogs. A number of research projects and publications on YNSA are eagerly awaited in the near future.
The basic points are still used successfully in daily practice. Acupuncture needles are applied ipsilaterally at these basic points for pain therapy while for the treatment of central paresis they are applied contralaterally to the paretic side.
YNSA is a special form of traditional acupuncture. The method is based on a somatotope on the scalp. In the same way as with ear or mouth acupuncture, the entire organism is projected here on a defined area of the scalp. The locomotor system is at the boundary of the forehead and hair, whereas the internal organs are represented via Ypsilon points on both temples. Scalp acupuncture distinguishes a yin somatotope at the front of the scalp and a yang somatotope at the back of the scalp. With the aid of the special Japanese neck diagnostics, the associated Ypsilon therapy points in the temples or the corresponding cranial nerve points are revealed via pressure-sensitive points in the neck region. As a representative of each meridian, there is a pressure point on the neck and an associated treatment point in the region of the temples. If, for example, the kidney point on the neck is sensitive to pressure the needle is applied to the corresponding Ypsilon point in the temple. If the needle has been correctly positioned in the temple region then the pressure sensitivity in the neck disappears consecutively and thus provides immediate verification for correct positioning of the needle.
In contrast to the pulse and tongue diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine, Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) is characterized by the special feature abdominal wall and neck diagnostics. These diagnostic procedures enable the acupuncture points to be identified individually in each treatment situation indicating where the needles are to be applied for each individual person in the respective treatment situation. When the needle is correctly positioned, the sensitivity to pressure felt by the physician and patient disappears. This check makes it possible to discover whether the needle is correctly positioned. It is important to investigate the diagnostic points on the arm and neck by shifting the pressure to the side. In doing so, the points are palpated with the tip of the thumb. Applying pressure solely to the points may falsify the results of the examination. In the case of abdominal wall diagnostics, the examination is performed by palpation using the index, middle and ring fingers with gently circling movements.
The cranial nerve points are highly active acupuncture points on the frontal scalp. Using these points, disorders of the corresponding meridians and the cranial nerves can be treated. For example, the lung cranial nerve point, the glossopharyngeal point is used for the treatment of the swallowing disorders after stroke as well as pulmonary disorders of different origin. Based on the YNSA-Yin basic point A, 12 cranial nerve points are located in a row in the dorsal direction up to DuMai20 for approximately 6-8 cm. For the practical use, the cranial nerve points are identified by the adbdominal or neck palpation technique. The painful abdominal or neck points show the way to the corresponding cranial nerve points. After correct acupuncture of the relevant cranial nerve points, the pain intensity of the abdominal or neck sites should be reduced, similar to the Ypsylon points. Similar to the other YNSA points, the cranial nerve points display small treatment areas, which are identified using careful palpitation. Acupuncture is then performed at the point with the highest pain intensity. Similar to the basic, brain and Ypsilon points, a careful palpitation is necessary and important for the localization of the cranial nerve points. The known Ypsilon and cranial nerve points can be used alone and in combination. It is important that the treated acupuncture point is reported as painful by the patient. A site which is not painful should not be treated. The cranial nerve points have shown to be very suitable for treatment of motor and other neurological symptoms.
Numerous references to side effects caused by acupuncture treatment can be found in medline. The investigation presented here was motivated in particular by reports of pneumothorax after acupuncture. After an autopsy on a corpse, the depth of various acupuncture needles penetrated into the thorax was investigated. The study was performed on a female corpse. For unknown reasons, the patient had been subjected to resuscitation and due to this measure had suffered a series of fractured ribs on the right-hand side. Issue investigated: Is it possible to apply acupuncture treatment safely in the thoracic region, in particular intercostally? Observations: Acupuncture in the thoracic region involves a greater or lesser degree of risk depending on the thickness of the subcutaneous fatty tissue. The longer the needle, the greater is the risk. In view of the fact that in some places the intercostals muscles are only 2 to 3 mm thick, the ribs themselves in the present case are 3 to 4 mm thick and the skin is 1 to 2 mm thick, in the case of a slim or cachectic person an acupuncture needle 1 cm in length can potentially lead to pneumothorax if applied intercostally. In order to ensure the greatest possible safety in acupuncture, it is necessary to choose needles that are as short and thin as possible and to apply them tangentially at the flattest possible angle. Additional safety can be achieved by moving the tip of the needle towards the rib or corpus sterni. If, as for example in the case of thoracic Yamamoto New Chest Acupuncture, the needles are to remain in position in the patient so that further physiotherapy measures can be applied, then they must be secured by a good adhesive plaster. It appears safest to apply the needles above the ribs and only above the xiphoid process, the corpus and manubrium sterni.
Conclusions: The safety of acupuncture in the front thoracic region depends on the length of the needle and the angle at which the needle is inserted. The greatest possible safety can be achieved by applying short, thin needles above the ribs or towards the ribs or the corpus sterni.
With the aid of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), it was possible to demonstrate the good effectiveness of YNSA for stroke patients. In this study, a new metal-free acupuncture needle developed by the author was applied. Benefits associated with YNSA have been shown in studies in patients after stroke, in patients with musculoskeletal pain and in emergency medicine. In the Western world stroke is still the leading cause of disability in adults, often in the form of hemiparesis. The goal of the investigation introduced here was to correlate the effect of YNSA in hemiparetic stroke patients to cortical activation visualized in fMRI. The neurological correlates of YNSA were studied in 17 patients with ischaemic stroke in the right hemisphere suffering from residual paresis of the left hand and in 19 healthy volunteers. A new acupuncture needle for magnetic resonance imaging developed by Schockert was used in this study. Similar to the principle of an indwelling venous cannula, the needle is positioned in the acupoint, the steel cylinder removed, and the remaining plastic part is fixed in the acupoint by a plaster. The size of the plastic part remaining in the acupoint corresponds approximately to an acupuncture needle of the dimensions 0.30 x 30 mm (Schockert et al., 2010).
The fMRI study was performed in a 1.5 tesla Philips MRI system (TR 3000 ms, TE 50 ms, FA 90 °) in a box-car design. Patients were treated lying down and were instructed via video goggles to open or close their left hand. The fMRI paradigm was: five conditions with 120 sec duration each: 3sec closing of the fist, 2sec opening of the fist, 30 sec break. Three runs of fMRI were performed: no acupuncture, sham acupuncture (patient is blinded: acupressure without insertion of a needle), real acupuncture. The data were analyzed using an SPM2 evaluation program. All patients and volunteers were first subjected to sham acupuncture and then to YNSA. The sham acupuncture consisted of a single application of pressure by a finger nail in the centre of an imaginary line between TE23 and GB14. In the genuine YNSA, needles were applied to the Yin points of the Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Basic point C. Of the 17 investigated patients, only five could be evaluated due to motion artefacts. On account of inhomogeneous lesions no group analysis was performed as cortical activation was different in each patient. Generally, in contrast to the sham acupuncture, genuine acupuncture was accompanied by significant cortical activation in the motor, premotor and supplemental motor cortex. 2b1af7f3a8